Cocktail history | KRG Hospitality

September 4, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

5 Books to Read this Month: September 2024

5 Books to Read this Month: September 2024

by David Klemt

Our September book selections focus on the 2024 Spirited Award finalists and winner of the Best New Book on Drinks Culture, History, or Spirits category.

These books cover an array of topics, from mastering ice and drink ratios to foraging for botanical cocktail ingredients.

To review the book recommendations from August 2024, click here.

Let’s jump in!

Juke Joints, Jazz Clubs, and Juice: A Cocktail Recipe Book Cocktails from Two Centuries of African American Cookbooks

Toni Tipton-Martin’s book has earned not only a Spirited Award, it’s a James Beard Award nominee, and has been hailed as one of the best cookbooks of the year by several publications. The story of the impact of Black drinking culture on drinking culture as a whole is told through more than 70 recipes.

From Amazon: “Juke Joints, Jazz Clubs, and Juice spotlights the creativity, hospitality, and excellence of Black drinking culture, with classic and modern recipes inspired by formulas found in two centuries’ worth of Black cookbooks. From traditional tipples, such as the Absinthe Frappe or the Clover Leaf Cocktail, to new favorites, like the Jerk-Spiced Bloody Mary and the Gin and Juice 3.0, Toni Tipton-Martin shares a variety of recipes that shine a light on her influences, including underheralded early-twentieth-century icons, like Tom Bullock, Julian Anderson, and Atholene Peyton, and modern superstars, such as Snoop Dogg and T-Pain.”

Get your copy today.

How to Taste: A Guide to Discovering Flavor and Savoring Life

Tasting, whether food or beverage, is a key component of any hospitality professional’s skillset. To help people get the most out of tasting—and to make it a less-intimidating process—Mandy Naglich has written How to Taste. There are under 100 people with the Advanced Cicerone certification, and Naglich is one of them. I’d say, then, that she’s well qualified to teach others how to maximize a tasting.

From Amazon: “Take a seat beside highly-trained cheese analysts, world-class sommeliers, competitive whiskey tasters, internationally recognized chefs, and sensory scientists as experts divulge the secrets to discerning the notes in a range of ingredients, from a dab of honey to a spoonful of olive oil—and even a sip of mineral water.”

Pick up this book here.

ICE: From Mixed Drinks to Skating Rinks–a Cool History of a Hot Commodity

This may seem like a strange thing to say, but ice, as a commodity, has been “a thing” in America for not much more than 200 years. I think it’s safe to say that it’s also something we tend to take for granted. After all, it’s just frozen water, right?

From Amazon: “In Ice, journalist and historian Amy Brady shares the strange and storied two-hundred-year-old history of ice in America: from the introduction of mixed drinks “on the rocks,” to the nation’s first-ever indoor ice rink, to how delicacies like ice creams and iced tea revolutionized our palates, to the ubiquitous ice machine in every motel across the US. But Ice doesn’t end in the past. Brady also explores the surprising present-day uses of ice in sports, medicine, and sustainable energy—including cutting-edge cryotherapy breast-cancer treatments and new refrigerator technologies that may prove to be more energy efficient—underscoring how precious this commodity is, especially in an age of climate change.”

Buy it now!

The Maison Premiere Almanac Cocktails, Oysters, Absinthe, and Other Essential Nutrients for the Sensualist, Aesthete, and Flaneur: A Cocktail Recipe Book

Since opening its doors for the first time in Brooklyn, NY, in 2011, the Maison Premier has established itself as one of the most important and influential drinking and dining establishments in America. One can argue quite easily that it’s considered one of the best bars and restaurants in the world. The Maison Premiere Almanac features 90 cocktail recipes, and it’s a James Beard Award nominee along with being a Spirited Award finalist.

From Amazon: “As captivating as the bar itself, The Maison Premiere Almanac is both a visual delight—drawing on photography, illustration, and graphic design—and a detailed guide to the rarefied subjects that make Maison Premiere unique, including deep explorations into the art of the cocktail and cutting-edge bartending techniques and equipment.”

Grab yours today.

Bar Hacks: Developing The Fundamentals for an Epic Bar

Yep, I’m taking the opportunity to recommend Doug Radkey’s first book. Radkey is, as you may know, the president of KRG Hospitality. In his this book he explains the importance of nailing the fundamentals in order to:

start your operator journey in the best possible position;
stabilize your business; and
scale when the time comes, if that’s what you want.

From Amazon: “This informative and conversational book is the perfect read for aspiring or seasoned bar, pub, lounge, or even restaurant owners, operators, and managers looking for that competitive edge in operations! If you’re looking for both fundamental and in-depth planning methods, strategies, and industry focused insight to either start or grow a scalable, sustainable, memorable, profitable, and consistent venue in today’s cut-throat industry–Bar Hacks is written just for you!”

Click here to get your copy today!

Image: Mikołaj on Unsplash

An AI-generated image of an anthropomorphic bee wearing a suit, drinking a cocktail at a cocktail bar

August 23, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Bee’s Knees

Drink Donnybrook: Bee’s Knees

by David Klemt

That is one dapper bee, my friends.

The subject of our latest Drink Donnybrook deep dive is the Bee’s Knees, a classic that has very likely already enjoyed its centennial birthday.

If that sounds a bit uncertain, welcome to your first Drink Donnybrook article. I tend to cover cocktails with origins that are, shall we say, less than definitive.

In the case of the Bee’s Knees, we simply don’t know without a doubt the drink’s creator. Nor do we know exactly which year the cocktail came into being.

One compelling piece of evidence that ties the Bee’s Knees to the 1920s is the name itself. The term “the bee’s knees” became part of the American lexicon in that decade. To this day, if someone calls something or someone “the bee’s knees,” they’re saying it’s excellent

Another piece of evidence is Prohibition in America. So-called (let’s face it, largely aptly named) “bathtub gin” became ubiquitous during this time. As the story goes, honey was an ingredient that could cover up the smell of cheap (and likely dangerous) alcohol, like bathtub gin.

Well, the Bee’s Knees is a gin cocktail with honey and lemon juice among the ingredients. Honey and lemon juice can certainly make a poor-quality potable more palatable.

Alright, so those are two solid clues that support the belief that the cocktail is from the 1920s. The drink could be a bit over 100 years old, turning 100 this year, or a few years away from reaching the hundred-year milestone.

Accepting the time period, who do we give credit for creating the Bee’s Knees?

A French Connection

There are two strong candidates for the title of “Creator of the Bee’s Knees.”

One is Frank Meier, who became the head bartender at the Ritz Hotel in Paris in 1921. Click here for a bit of information tying Meier to the Mimosa.

Meier was, undoubtedly, a prolific cocktail craftsman. One need simply sift through his 1936 recipe book, The Artistry of Mixing Drinks, to see the breadth of his work with spirits.

There’s an important detail on the pages of that book that lend support to the theory that Meier created the Bee’s Knees. If you clicked the link a few sentences above, you’ll know what I’m talking about.

There’s a symbol—a diamond with “FM” inside of it—next to certain drinks. As page 20 of the book explains, a drink that has this symbol beside it was created by Meier. The Bee’s Knees is marked with that symbol, while the Mimosa is not.

However, there’s another French connection that may have created this gin-based classic.

If you’re familiar with your Titanic history, the name “the unsinkable Molly Brown” may ring a bell. In 1912, Margaret Tobin Brown was one of the 712 people who survived the sinking of the Titanic.

It’s said that Brown, a wealthy widow and socialite, spent time traveling. Often times, these journeys and adventures found in her Paris. An article published in The Standard Union in 1929 addressed the topic of “women-only bars.” That same article claimed that Brown invented the Bee’s Knees while visiting these drinking establishments.

Personally, I find the story that Meier created the Bee’s Knees to be the most probably. But I’d love to learn that a Titanic survivor gifted us with a classic that has stood the test of the time.

Cheers!

Bee’s Knees

2 oz. London Dry gin
0.75 oz. Fresh-squeezed lemon juice
0.5 oz. Honey syrup
Lemon twist to garnish

This is an easy one, once you have your honey syrup sorted. On that topic, different honeys will imbue this cocktail with vastly different flavor profiles. So, you’ll want to experiment with honeys to come up with your signature. I recommend starting with something local. Of course, the same can be said for gin, so this one needs plenty of testing.

In a shaker, add the first three ingredients and ice. Shake well, strain into a chilled cocktail glass, and garnish.

There are variants, which will likely come as no surprise. There’s a version from 1948 that calls for a splash of orange juice. Swap out the London Dry gin for light rum to make a Honeysuckle. Substitute Jamaican rum and you’ve got a Honey Bee. And if the drink is made with Old Tom gin rather than London Dry, it’s a Cat’s Whiskers.

Image: Microsoft Designer

An AI-generated image of a green grasshopper and dark scorpion facing off over a bottle of creme de menthe

August 16, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Grasshopper & Stinger

Drink Donnybrook: Grasshopper & Stinger

by David Klemt

You won’t believe this…but this isn’t a photo, it’s an AI image *gasp*

The Grasshopper and Stinger are two classic cocktails that seem worlds apart from one another, but they share a common ingredient.

That ingredient is crème de menthe. Like many of the cocktails I break down in Drink Donnybrook features, this legendary liqueur’s origins are up for debate.

So, this Donnybrook goes beyond the well-known twofer; it’s a threefer. Crème de menthe and it’s two best-known cocktail appearances—the Grasshopper and Stinger—each have nebulous geneses.

Really, though, this Donnybrook is about crème de menthe. And why am I focusing on this liqueur? To give operators and their bar teams time to prepare LTO menus for Sunday, September 15, which is National Crème de Menthe Day.

Cheers!

Mint Cream

Despite the crème in its name, this liqueur doesn’t contain any dairy. In fact, “mint cream” is said to be vegan by some sources: it contains no animal products unless otherwise specified.

The term “crème” on French labels indicates that there’s a lot of sugar in a product.

All you need to make crème de menthe is grain alcohol, mint or peppermint, and sugar. One simply steeps the mint in the alcohol for several days, adds sugar, and can opt to age the liquid (usually about a month).

This sweet, minty liqueur tends to weigh in at 15- to 20-percent ABV. However, there are 30-percent ABV versions on the market. So, this seemingly harmless drink can pack quite a wallop.

Producing crème de menthe may be simple, but nailing down its origin story? Not quite as easy.

It’s possible that one of this liqueur’s ancestors dates as far back as the early 1500s. A book from 1512 about distillation, written by a German botanist and surgeon, touches on a water infused with “red mint.” If one could time travel to Boston in 1712, they’d be able to visit a tavern that sold a drink made of rum and water infused with mint.

That time traveler could then jump ahead 63 years, heading to France in 1775. It’s at this time that a pharmacist created what could possibly be the first known recipe for crème de menthe. However, another recipe, one that we could consider a “commercial” version, became available in France in 1796.

Nearly a century later, Emile Giffard would bring his crème de menthe to market. If that name sounds familiar, there’s good reason: he’s the namesake of La Maison Giffard. The brand has been making liqueurs and syrups for generations.

The Stinger

Alright, now that we’ve basically settled nothing regarding the origins of crème de menthe (other than Emile Giffard getting most of the credit for its creation as we know it today), let’s dive into cocktails.

Two classics are perhaps best-known for the inclusion of crème de menthe in their recipes. One of these is the Stinger.

I’m starting with the Stinger because it predates the other famous crème de menthe cocktail by five years. Or maybe 16 years. Or maybe even longer. We think.

We can choose to believe Stinger was first crafted in 1914. That would require us to accept as evidence that the recipe was first published that year in the book Drinks. Possible, but the recipe could’ve been floating around before that book came out.

Another option is to give Reginald Vanderbilt—father of Gloria Vanderbilt, and grandfather to Anderson Cooper—credit as the creator. David Wondrich, cocktail historian extraordinaire, has mentioned that Reginald helped make the Stinger famous. It’s said that he would serve what was apparently his favorite tipple to guests.

Going further, an Ohio newspaper supposedly named Reginald as the drink’s inventor in the 1920s.

What I can say is this: the Stinger may date back to the 1890s, and nobody can tell us definitively who deserves the credit for creating the recipe.

The Grasshopper

It’s possible that the Grasshopper was invented in New Orleans in 1918.

Tujague’s Restaurant, located in the French Quarter, first opened its doors in 1856. Around 1914, the restaurant was sold to Philip Guichet, Sr. To this day, Tujague’s gives credit to Guichet for inventing the Grasshopper.

Anyone who has read previous Drink Donnybrooks probably isn’t surprised to learn that we aren’t sure who actually invented the Grasshopper. By the way, Tujague’s also appears to take credit for creating the Whiskey Punch.

What drink historians do appear to agree on is that it took around four decades for the Grasshopper to become popular. And when it did, the American South appeared to lead the charge.

The original recipe—possibly from Philip Guichet, Sr.—calls for three ingredients in equal parts: green crème de menthe, white crème de cacao, and heavy cream. (Oh, did I mention that crème de menthe comes in either colorless or green versions? Well, now I have done.)

However, bartenders have been playing around with Grasshopper build specs for many years.

One simple variant comes from Dale DeGroff. Shake one part green crème de menthe, one part white crème de cacao, and two parts heavy cream with ice. Strain into a chilled glass, then dust with grated nutmeg.

Original (maybe?) Stinger

3 parts Brandy
1 part White/Colorless crème de menthe

Add ingredients and ice to a mixing glass, and stir. Strain into a rocks glass, as the original was served neat before Prohibition. After Prohibition, serving Stingers over cracked ice became common practice. Further, modern bartenders tend to use Fine Cognac, premium crème de menthe (like Giffard’s), and serve Stingers over large ice cubes.

Original (could be?) Grasshopper

Add equal parts of green crème de menthe, crème de cacao, and heavy cream to a shaker with ice. Shake well, then strain into a glass.

Image: Microsoft Designer

An AI-generated, street-style image of a red and a blue cocktail crossed at the glass stems, against a blue, white, and red graffiti background

July 12, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

French Cocktail Culture: More than Champs

French Cocktail Culture: More than Champagne

by David Klemt

That’s some interesting stemware…and the cocktail on the right is an interesting color.

The French have contributed more than Champagne, Cognac, Armagnac, Grand Marnier, and Cointreau to global cocktail culture.

There at least a dozen cocktails that originate from France. And, of course, there are even more from one of the most French-influenced cities in the US, New Orleans.

Since Bastille Day is almost upon us I want to share ten cocktail recipes with origin stories we can trace back to France. Now, if celebrating Bastille Day isn’t your thing, you can celebrate National Grand Marnier Day instead.

Basically, if a cocktail below calls for orange liqueur, you and your bar team can use Grand Marnier. But…allow me to nerd out for a moment about orange liqueur and France.

Orange Liqueur vs. Triple Sec vs. Orange Curaçao

As we’re taught early on, all squares are rectangles (and rhombuses). However, not all rectangles (or rhombuses) are squares. Why am I bringing up geometric shapes in an article about cocktails?

Think of orange liqueur as a rectangle or rhombus. All orange curaçaos and triple secs can be considered orange liqueurs, but not all orange liqueurs are triple secs or orange curaçaos, if we want to be pedantic.

Generally speaking, triple sec is French orange liqueur. Cointreau, as an example, is a triple sec. It’s also an orange liqueur, and one can argue it’s an orange curaçao, although it isn’t made with Lahara orange. Grand Marnier is French but is not a triple sec. Why not? Because Grand Marnier is triple sec blended with Cognac. Pedantry strikes again!

Why does this matter? When choosing your orange liqueur, keep in mind that they don’t all taste the same. Their unique flavors will have an impact on a given cocktail. So, if you were to build a Sidecar with Grand Marnier rather than Cointreau, they’d taste noticeably different. This is, in part, due to the fact that the Sidecar is a Cognac recipe, and Grand Marnier is made with Cognac.

Thank you for indulging me there. Feel free to share that knowledge with your guests, but stop if their eyes start glazing over.

Consider featuring any of the cocktail recipes below this weekend. Sunday, July 14, is Bastille Day, or National Grand Marnier Day, if you prefer. Cheers!

French 75

This classic’s original form can be tracked to the 1910s and the famous New York Bar, located in Paris. Eventually, the venue would become Harry’s New York Bar, named for proprietor, bartender, and writer Harry MacElhone.

By the 1920s, the “final form” of the French 75 we all know and love would come into existence. However, people are still tweaking this classic’s build.

For the traditionalists out there, the French 75 is easy to make: one part gin, and a half-part each of lemon juice and simple syrup, topped with three parts sparkling wine. Don’t forget the lemon twist to garnish!

Boulevardier

As was the case with so many others during the modern Cocktail Revival—and the subsequent Negroni craze—the Boulevardier was my go-to cocktail for quite some time. Interestingly, this cocktail supposedly never “took” until the 2000s.

Like the French 75, the Boulevardier can be traced to Harry’s New York Bar and 1920s Paris. However, the credit for this one goes to a magazine publisher, according to Harry himself.

For this recipe, pretend you’re making a Negroni…but swap out the gin for bourbon or rye. Oh, and forget the 1:1:1 Negroni ratio; this isn’t an equal parts situation. Instead, combine one part Campari with one part sweet vermouth, but bump up the whiskey to one-and-one-quarter parts.

Old Pal

The Old Pal is thought to be a spin on the Boulevardier by that cocktail’s creator, Harry MacElhone, at his bar in Paris.

Whereas the Boulevardier is considered by someone a whiskey-based riff on the Negroni, that’s not an equal-parts build. This, however, is.

Stir equal parts rye whiskey, Campari, and dry vermouth in a mixing glass with ice. Then, strain it into a chilled coupe. Some modern recipes call for doubling the rye, so experimentation is in order.

Sidecar

Okay, let’s start a fight: the Sidecar was created at the Ritz Paris, in Paris, in the 1920s. Why should that cause a kerfuffle? Well, the drink could also be a Pat MacGarry creation, invented in London.

Making this even more contentious is that Harry (yes, of Harry’s New York Bar) went from crediting MacGarry to claiming credit himself. Oh, and sources in both Paris and London claim the same story to be true: a guest arrived at their bar on a motorcycle, and the bartender at the time came up with this drink for said guest.

But wait, il y a plus! Living legend Dale DeGroff has stated that he believes the name references a bonus shot. This is the amount of cocktail left over after shaking and straining the drink, and served on the side in a shot glass.

Regardless of the true story, add three-quarters of an ounce each orange liqueur and lemon juice, then double that amount of Cognac. Prep a coupe with a sugar rim, shake the mixture, strain it into the glass, and garnish with an orange twist.

Between the Sheets

Are you getting the impression that we should just credit with Harry MacElhone with the creation of every drink originating from Paris? I won’t blame you if you are, since he’s credited with Between the Sheets as well. Is he actually the creator? Maybe I’ll address that in a future Drink Donnybrook.

To build this cocktail, pretend you’re making a Sidecar. Then, pick up a bottle of rum. This is an equal parts cocktail, calling for three-quarters of a part of Cognac, rum, and orange liqueur, and a quarter-part of lemon juice.

White Lady

This MacElhone creation has an interesting history. As the story goes, he created the original version in London in the late 1910s. He served it in its precursor form, then overhauled the recipe in Paris. At his bar. In the 1920s. Déjà vu, anyone?

And what an overhaul the recipe underwent. The original White Lady was a blend of crème de menthe, triple sec, and lemon juice. However, MacElhone eschewed crème de menthe in Paris, replacing it with gin. Additionally, he added an egg white and a dry shake.

Mimosa

Surely, the simple two-ingredient Mimosa must have a clear origin, right? Well…maybe.

Some say the Mimosa was created at the Ritz Hotel in Paris in the mid-1920s. Others believe it was invented in the 1930s. Honestly, I wouldn’t be surprised if the drink was first crafted in the 1910s or earlier by someone who simply wanted to toss some sparkling wine into their orange juice.

Ritz bartender Frank Meier may be the drink’s creator. However, people who dispute this point to his 1936 book The Artistry of Mixing Drinks. Recipes with Meier’s initials inside of a diamond next to recipes marked this as his creations. No such symbol appears next to the Mimosa.

If you need this complex recipe, it’s two ounces of chilled orange juice, topped with sparkling wine. I prefer Crémant to Champagne, but do whatever works best. In fact, operators can upsell the bubbles for their signature Mimosas.

Death in the Afternoon

I’m hesitant to include this cocktail, for a couple of reasons. One, I’m not sure it was created in France. There’s reason to believe it was invented as an homage to France, but outside of the country.

Second, Ernest Hemingway is given the credit as its creator. However, Hemingway historians have been dubious of claims involving the author and his relationship to certain drinks and bars.

That said, Hemingway purportedly came up with this drink while spending time in France in the 1920s. Add one-and-a-half parts absinthe to a coupe, then add three times that amount of chilled Champagne until the mixture is “milky” in appearance. Next, I assume, comes a nap.

Yellow

How about a modern classic? Yellow is a signature cocktail at Cravan, owned by restaurateur, bartender, and historian Franck Audoux.

If you’re visiting Paris, the original Cravan location is in the 16th arrondissement of the capital city. However, a second location, the result of a partnership between Audoux and Moët Hennessy, is in the 6th arrondissement. If you’re curious, there are 20 arrondissements in Paris.

Audoux, again, a historian, created the Yellow as an homage to a cocktail said to have been popular in the Côte d’Azur, or French Riviera: gin, Suze and Yellow Chartreuse. To make Audoux’s Yellow, add ice to a shaker, along with equal parts London Dry gin, Suze, Yellow Chartreuse, and lemon juice. Shake, then double strain into a chilled cocktail glass or coupe.

L’Expérience 1

Hey, speaking of modern classics… Back in 2007, Experimental Group opened its first venue in Paris, Experimental Cocktail Club. Seventeen years later, the group has built an empire spanning eleven cities all over the world.

Moreover, Experimental Group operates not just bars but restaurants, clubs, and hotels. That said, while the group has grown, they haven’t forgotten their roots. L’Experience 1 appeared on the menu at their first-ever venue, and it remains their signature cocktail.

To make this modern drink, chill a Martini glass. Add three-quarters of a part each of fresh-squeezed lemon juice and elderflower liqueur, plus one-and-three-quarter parts of premium or super-premium vodka to a cocktail shaker. Before adding ice, add a basil leaf and one hand-crushed blade of lemongrass to the shaker as well. Shake, strain into the prepared glass, and garnish with a lemongrass leaf.

Santé!

AI image generator: Microsoft Designer

An AI-generated image of a male bartender preparing a Mojito cocktail

June 24, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Mojito

Drink Donnybrook: Mojito

by David Klemt

Hey, AI may be getting better at drawing hands. Also, I’m not sure about some of these bar tools…

Happy 440th-ish birthday to a rum-powered classic cocktail with a mashed-up, medicinal, mysterious, and complicated history: the Mojito.

Given that we can trace the Mojito to the 16th century, this drink more than justifies its classic cocktail status. Perhaps it’s deserving of placement on another tier of classic cocktail. Prototypical tipple, perhaps?

At any rate, some cocktail historians believe the Mojito’s origins reach as far back as 1586. However, we don’t know if we have to reach even further back in history for its creation. And nobody seems 100-percent certain who to credit for the creation of the Mojito.

Currently, most historians appear to think Sir Francis Drake is the inventor.

Now, before I proceed, let’s address Drake’s history.

A History of Significant Violence

Don’t let his title fool you into thinking he was a well-mannered gentleman; Drake was a pirate. Worse, he was a slave trader.

In fact, some label him one of the pioneers of the British slave trade.

He and his crews sacked and pillaged villages. They attacked ships for the sole purpose of plundering them. Drake was present for the Rathlin Island massacre, where in excess of 600 Scots and Irish were killed.

We’ll never know the overall death toll attributable to Drake and those under his command. Given that he was heavily involved in the slave trade, piracy, and raids, it’s at least in the hundreds.

“Firewater of Sugar Cane”

Personally, I don’t believe that we should give credit to Drake for inventing the Mojito. That honor should go to whoever gave him and his crew the ingredients for the drink.

If we accept that Drake and a small contingent landed on Cuban soil in search of medicine for scurvy and dysentery, an inhabitant of the island country created what would become the Mojito.

As a prevailing story goes, the Mojito was a tonic for a number of ailments, including the aforementioned scurvy and dysentery. In 1586, one of Drake’s crews was suffering from both (and probably other illnesses).

Upon their return from the shores of Cuba, the crew mixed the lime juice (which provided the vitamin C needed to combat scurvy), sugar cane juice, mint leaves, and aguardiente de caña they had been given by locals.

That last ingredient, the base for the tonic, translates to “firewater of sugar cane.”

Of course, we can argue over whether Drake or someone among his crew decided to create the tonic, or if they were told to so by the locals. I feel the answer is the latter, but I can’t prove my theory.

That said, aguardiente de caña can be considered the progenitor to rum. Dependent on a country’s rules regarding production and aging, aguardiente is the stage before the liquid can be labeled “rum” legally.

There was a time that a cocktail called “El Draque,” supposedly named for Drake, was popular in Cuba. So, where does the name “Mojito” come into the story?

No Concrete Answer

Prepare for a surprise: We don’t know with absolute certainty who named this cocktail, or when it attained its current moniker. This is in stark contrast to our previous Drink Donnybrook, which looks into the history of the Sazerac.

It’s possible, per historians, that African slaves named this drink. It could be tied to the Spanish word mojadito, which translates to “a little wet.” Or, perhaps, the cocktail is named for mojo, a Cuban seasoning with a lime base.

So, we don’t know exactly when the Mojito was invented. We don’t know exactly who invented it. And we don’t know who named it. We don’t even know when rum replaced aguardiente de caña in the recipe.

Even more frustrating is a bit of trivia related to one of the Mojito’s supposed greatest fans.

Supposedly, Earnest Hemingway loved Daiquiris and Mojitos. The following quote is attributed to the legendary writer:

“My Mojito in La Bodeguita and my Daiquiri in El Floridita.”

Allegedly (or allegedlies for my Letterkenny fans), Hemingway wrote that quote on the wall of La Bodeguita del Medio, where he supposedly crushed quite a few Mojitos.

Unfortunately, Hemingway biographers are dubious. They’re not not convinced Hemingway was a regular at La Bodeguita. Nor are they certain that the Mojito was in Hemingway’s cocktail repertoire.

What We Know

Well, I know this: We celebrate this iconic cocktail on July 11, National Mojito Day.

Oh, and we know that this drink holiday falls on a Thursday in 2024.

Of course, we also know that the Mojito is made with rum (now). Further, if you’d like to start an argument, I know that you can either declare the Mojito a member of the Sour, Fizz, or Punch family.

Finally, people around the world know the recipe, which you’ll find below. Cheers!

Mojito

2 oz. White rum
0.75 oz. Fresh-squeezed lime juice
0.5 oz. Cane syrup or simple syrup
10 Fresh mint leaves
Soda water to top
Mint leaves to garnish
Lime wheel or wedges to garnish

In a shaker or mixing glass, muddle the fresh mint leaves and syrup. Add the rum, fresh-squeezed lime juice, and ice. Either shake well or stir until well chilled. Strain into Collins glass over ice, then top with soda water, and garnish. Note: To serve as a swizzle, fill glass with pebble ice, strain the cocktail, gently swizzle, garnish, and serve.

Image: Shutterstock. Disclaimer: This image was generated by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system.

A Sazerac cocktail on a counter inside a rustic apothecary shop

June 17, 2024by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: The Sazerac

Drink Donnybrook: The Sazerac

by David Klemt

That’s quite a full Sazerac, but I’m more interested in what this particular AI platform thinks that powder next to the cocktail is…

We celebrate the Sazerac, nearly 200 years old and known to many as America’s first cocktail, on Sazerac Cocktail Day, which falls on a Sunday this year.

Refreshingly, we know who should credit for its creation. Further, we can trace it back to a year, and even a location.

In that regard, this won’t be like other Drink Donnybrook articles. The only bold, debate-inducing claims I can really make relate to the base spirit, year of creation, and that my first-ever Sazerac was awful. Oddly, this less-than-stellar Sazerac was made for me at an incredibly popular bar in New Orleans.

Well, sometimes bartenders have off days. I’ve been back to that bar, and had a great time with a great Sazerac. It’s absinthe under the bridge.

Speaking of absinthe, that anise-flavored spirit is a core element of this classic cocktail. Much like some people say “No Negroni without Campari,” there’s no Sazerac without an absinthe rinse.

Now, onto the base of this legendary drink. While bartenders have been making it with rye whiskey for decades, the original recipe calls for Cognac. More specifically, it was made with Sazerac de Forge & Fils. Voila—the drink bears the name of the brandy used at its creation. (Hey, speaking of brandy, check out my Donnybrook article about the Brandy Alexander.)

Cold water, an ice cube, and Peychaud’s bitters round out the ingredients list for a Sazerac. And it’s that last item that reveals the drink’s creator.

The Official Cocktail of New Orleans

Roughly a decade into the 1800s, Antoine Peychaud arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana. Reliable records are a bit difficult to come by, so we don’t know his precise arrival date.

However, historians seem confident that Peychaud did open an apothecary in New Orleans in 1832. (According to one source I came across, Pharmacie Peychaud was opened in 1841.) The next time you’re in NOLA, you can visit the location of said apothecary: 437 Royal Street. Originally, the address was 123 Royal Street. Today, it’s the home of James H. Cohen Antique Weapons & Rare Coins. It’s a fun spot to pop into, by the way.

As you’re likely well aware, apothecaries were precursors to pharmacists and chemists. They served their communities from ye olde apothecary shoppes, and their medicine often consisted of alcohol.

Peychaud crafted his namesake bitters and used them to create an elixir that treated his customers’ illnesses. That medicinal elixir would become the Sazerac. Again, this potion was made with Sazerac de Forge & Fils Cognac, absinthe, and Peychaud’s bitters.

Intriguingly (to me), the Sazerac House—a must-see attraction in NOLA—claims the Sazerac became famous in the 1850s at the Sazerac Coffee House. So, it could’ve taken the Sazerac 20 years to evolve from medicine to cocktail.

On the topic of cocktails, some people attribute Peychaud with inventing the word “cocktail.” Many historians have labeled this claim as false.

Over time, it became difficult to source the cocktail’s eponymous brandy, so the recipe changed to rye whiskey. Some bartenders craft their Sazeracs with other spirits, and will even split their bases. For example, you should try a Sazerac made with a split base of Cognac and rye.

Original Sazerac

Behold, the original Sazerac cocktail recipe.

2 oz. Sazerac de Forge & Fils Cognac
3 to 4 dashes Peychaud’s Bitters
0.5 teaspoon Cold water
1 Sugar cube
Absinthe, to rinse
Lemon peel, to garnish

You’ll want to have chilled rocks glasses on hand for this cocktail. To start, rinse the glass with absinthe. In a mixing glass, muddle the bitters, water, and sugar cube. Add ice and the Cognac to the mixing glass, and stir until well chilled. Strain, garnish, and serve.

As stated earlier, most modern-day recipes call for rye whiskey rather than Cognac. Experiment with bases—including splits—to craft your signature Sazerac.

In 2008, lawmakers in Louisiana passed legislation that made the Sazerac the Official Cocktail of New Orleans. Sazerac Cocktail Day is on June 23, which falls on a Sunday in 2024. Cheers!

Image: Shutterstock. Disclaimer: This image was generated by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system.

December 12, 2023by krghospitality krghospitality No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Screwdriver

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Screwdriver

by David Klemt

Is there vodka in there? Maybe.

As it turns out, the origins of one of the simplest cocktails on the planet—there are just two ingredients in a traditional Screwdriver—are a mystery.

Another interesting note about the Screwdriver: It’s likely a relatively new drink.

If the Screwdriver is an American invention, the earliest most believe it could have been created is the 1920s. That’s when Smirnoff sold the rights to North American distribution to a distiller in the US.

However, it’s possible the cocktail wasn’t invented until some time in the 1940s. Vodka didn’t really become popular among Americans until the ’40s. So, it’s conceivable that the Screwdriver is less than 100 years old.

Still, it’s difficult to believe that someone, somewhere didn’t think to add a splash of vodka to their orange juice in the 1800s. Or that someone didn’t think to “adjust” the taste of the vodka in their glass with a bit of OJ.

Either way, it’s pretty entertaining to know that we don’t have a definitive answer for who created the Screwdriver, where it was first made, and when. When we consider the fact that the recipe calls for just two simple ingredients, maybe it does make sense that we don’t know the who, where, and why. It’s so easy to make that it’s believable multiple people had the same idea around the same time, across the globe.

Of course, it wouldn’t be a Drink Donnybrook without checking into some origin theories. So, let’s dive in!

World War II

One theory involves WWII and the US Marine Corps.

It’s quite simple, really. During WWII, stationed overseas, perhaps a few Marines jazzed up their orange juice with a touch of vodka.

Oh, but wait. The Screwdriver may not be attributable to the USMC. It’s possible, according to another theory, that the former US Army Air Forces came up with drink and name when stationed in Ankara, Turkey.

As the predecessor to the Air Force, the USAF may hold claim to the Screwdriver.

If it’s one thing we need, it’s more fuel for the inter-service rivalry between the USMC and USAF.

Journalists

Two publications mentioned the Screwdriver in the 1930s and 1940s.

According to some historians, Journalism Quarterly at least made reference to a drink called the “Smirnoff Screwdriver” in 1938.

If that’s true, the classic cocktail predates WWII by a year. And if that’s true, it’s possible that American marines, airmen, or soldiers spread it around the world.

In 1949, Time magazine mentioned the Screwdriver. According to the writer, the cocktail was the newest drink grabbing attention at the Park Hotel in New York. Apparently, American engineers, Balkan refugees, and Turkish spies loved the drink.

Interestingly, if Time‘s reporting is accurate, it’s possible the supposed Turkish spies frequenting the Park Hotel bar got the name of the drink from American airmen.

Since apparently no bartenders who worked at the Park Hotel appear to have taken credit for it back in the ’40s, it’s unlikely it was created there.

Roughnecks

Okay, so you’re an oil worker. It’s the 1950s and you’re working in the Persian Gulf.

You’re performing back-breaking, dangerous tasks in oil fields. Maybe you need a pick-me-up, and maybe that pick-me-up involves mixing orange juice and vodka together.

But…you don’t have a barspoon. You certainly don’t have a swizzle stick. And you don’t have a coffee stirrer handy.

What you do have is a screwdriver. That screwdriver will definitely stir a drink. It doesn’t take time for this vodka-orange juice concoction to get the name “Screwdriver” because of the stirring utensil.

Well, that’s one theory, anyway.

Two days from now, December 14, you can share all those stories with your guests. Why? Because that’s National Screwdriver Day, a time to celebrate one of the simplest cocktails ever made.

Of course, you and your team can make the Screwdriver your own. Top-shelf vodka, the finest and freshest hand-squeezed orange juice (maybe even blood orange juice), any number of garnishes or rims, a touch of sparkling wine or water… The simpler the drink, the easier it can be to riff on it.

Cheers!

Image: Ryutaro Tsukata on Pexels

Red Daiquiri with lime wheel garnish on bar

September 13, 2023by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Daiquiri

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Daiquiri

by David Klemt

Like some other simple cocktails, the Daiquiri makes the case for building drinks with but a few elements and with the proper technique.

The keys are the quality of the ingredients, technique, and hospitality. Made with just three items—rum, lime juice, and sugar syrup—the Daiquiri has etched itself onto Cocktail Mount Rushmore. That imaginary cocktail landmark also includes the Margarita, of course.

So simple is the Daiquiri that it’s used to gauge bartender proficiency, much like its peer the Margarita.

Many a well-known bartender—revered, infamous or otherwise—will throw down the Daiquiri gauntlet after encountering an upstart boasting about their latest 10-ingredient, split-base cocktail tomfoolery.

Sure, they can make you a drink that takes ten minutes to build, and you’ll likely remember the experience, for better or worse. But can they knock your socks off with a simple Daiquiri?

But where does the Daiquiri come from? Just like I’ve done with the Martini, Piña Colada, and Whiskey Sour, let’s dive into this classic’s history.

History Lesson

I’m sure you’ll be absolutely aghast to learn that the exact origins of the Daiquiri aren’t crystal clear. However, it’s widely accepted that the cocktail was invented in Cuba two years before the Spanish-American War kicked off in 1898.

The creator was Jennings Cox, a claim backed up by the discovery of a recipe card signed by Cox and dated 1896. It’s believed that the drink was named for the port town of Daiquiri.

Just over a decade later, the Daiquiri was introduced to the United States in 1909 by Rear Admiral Lucius W. Johnson. After trying one in Cuba and liking what he tasted, he brought the recipe back to the Army and Navy Club in Washington, DC. Members introduced others to the Daiquiri, and it eventually became one of the most popular cocktails in the world.

That is, unless you choose to believe the rumor that the drink found itself in New York in 1902.

Going down this path of Daiquiri lore, US Congressman William A. Chanler (D-NY) bought iron mines in Cuba. While he was in Cuba he was introduced to the Daiquiri. In turn, Chanler brought the Daiquiri to New York City, sharing it with several clubs of which he was a member, such as the New York Yacht Club and Knickerbocker Club.

Recipe Refinement

The Daiquiri’s story doesn’t end there, however. There are two important bartenders who deserve credit for refining the original recipe.

First up is Emilio “El Maragato” Gonzalez, who tended bar at the Hotel Plaza in Havana, Cuba. Whereas the Cox build was served in a tall glass over cracked ice, El Maragato is credited as the first to shake and strain the Daiquiri, serving it up it in a coupe. And while Cox used brown sugar in the original, Gonzalez used white sugar.

Then, we have Constantino “Constante” Ribalaigua Vert. Constante owned and worked behind the stick at a bar you may have heard of, El Floridita, also in Havana. If you can’t quite put your finger on why you know that bar’s name, it’s because Earnest Hemingway plays a role in its fame.

Ribalaigua invented the frozen Daiquiri, and subsequently the Papa Doble or Hemingway Daiquiri, which was Constante’s original build with less (or zero) sugar and double the rum.

Jeff “Beachbum” Berry says in his book Potions of the Caribbean that Hemingway once put down 15 Papa Dobles. In another book, To Have and Have Another: A Hemingway Cocktail Companion, author Phillip Greene says Hemingway managed seventeen.

Those who have visited Herbs & Rye, one of the best cocktail bars in America, know that the first cocktail under the Prohibition Era section of the menu is a Hemingway Daiquiri.

Below you’ll find a traditional Daiquiri recipe and the Hemingway Daiquiri build. Cheers!

Recipe

2 ounces Light rum
1 ounce Freshly squeezed lime juice
¾ ounce Demerara sugar syrup
Lime twist to garnish

Either fill a coupe with ice or pull a chilled coupe from your refrigerator. Set aside. Add all ingredients minus the garnish to a cocktail shaker filled with ice. Strain into the prepared coupe, garnish, and serve.

Papa Doble aka Hemingway Daiquiri recipe

2 ounces White rum
¾ ounce Freshly squeezed lime juice
½ ounce Freshly squeezed grapefruit juice
½ ounce Maraschino liqueur
Lime wheel to garnish

Follow the build instructions above; it’s that simple!

Image: Tai’s Captures on Unsplash

Spider Island Rum bottle and rum cocktail

August 30, 2023by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Rum Punch

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Rum Punch

by David Klemt

Like this, but at least four times bigger. And made with more than just one spirit.

With National Rum Punch Day coming up on September 20, I think it’s time we shine the Drink Donnybrook light on another classic, large-format drink.

I argue, and I’m likely not the only one, that the legendary Scorpion Bowl is a Rum Punch. That is, of course, if the recipe calls for rum.

Like Rum Punch, a Scorpion Bowl is a large-format cocktail. Both are meant for sharing, and both aren’t exactly known for being “weak” drinks.

Speaking of weak, both can also follow the classic Barbadian rhyme we all know: “One of sour, two of sweet, three of strong, four of weak.”

So, why focus on the Scorpion Bowl specifically on National Rum Punch Day? In part, because it may help you stand out from the crowd. I also argue the name is a bit more attention-grabbing. Additionally, a Scorpion Bowl tells potential guests to gather their friends for a great time.

A Bit of History: Rum Punch

Punch is one of the oldest types of cocktails that we know about. As with myriad classics, it origin proudly wears a shroud of mystery.

However, we can trace written references to punch back to the 17th century. So, we know that punch, as far as a mixed alcohol drink, is at least a few centuries old.

For the most part, British sailors are credited with creating Rum Punch. That means we have to address an unfortunate reality: Rum Punch is, as far as we know, a result of British colonization. As spirits and cocktail historian David Wondrich puts it when talking about punch, “It’s inseparable from the colonial experience.”

Wondrich also addresses the (likely) mythologized belief that “punch” comes from the Indostan word “paunch,” which means “five.” History suggests that East India Company sailors typically made punch with five ingredients: a spirit, sugar, spice, citrus, and water. The sugar trade, pursued by the East India Company, eventually led to rum being the spirit of choice for punch.

In his 2010 book Punch: The Delights (and Dangers) of the Flowing Bowl, Wondrich points out that there are recipes with less than five ingredients. And, of course, there are recipes that call for the use of more than five ingredients to make punch. Therefore, we can call the origin of this centuries-old cocktail’s naming convention into question.

A Bit of History: Scorpion Bowl

Similar to Rum Punch, there’s a bit of uncomfortable history when it comes to the Scorpion Bowl.

This large-format drink is a classic tiki cocktail. Over the past few years, there has been pushback for bar owners using tiki iconography, and even the word itself. “Nautical” or “tropical” are the preferences for people who feel that tiki is an offensive appropriation of Pacific Island culture in general, and Maori culture specifically.

Do with that information as you will; it’s just a note on how some people view tiki bars, tiki drinks, and tiki culture. It’s important for bar owners and operators to be aware of terminology and themes that may keep some people away.

That said, the Scorpion—the precursor to the Scorpion Bowl—has an origin as muddled as the leaves, simple, and bourbon in a Mint Julep.

To this day, from what I can find, we don’t know the bartender or bar owner who should get credit for the Scorpion. The belief is that they worked behind the stick at a bar in Hawaii called the Hut. As the story goes, the 1930s recipe includes rum, brandy, orgeat, and citrus, and is a large-format drink.

The legendary Victor J. “Trader Vic” Bergeron stopped by the bar in the 1940s and afterward created his own version, the Scorpion Bowl. Oh, and the best part is that even Trader Vic couldn’t decide on a definitive recipe for this shareable cocktail; he changed his recipe constantly.

Rum Punch vs. Scorpion Bowl

Okay, let’s look at these two literal titans of the cocktail world.

Bothare members of the tiki family of drinks, or, if one prefers, the nautical or tropical family. The usual serve for both is a large-format vessel, though individual servings are possible. Rum plays an important role in both, as do citrus and sugar.

In terms of differences, Rum Punch “traditionally” calls for the use of two rums (a light and a dark). When it comes to a Scorpion Bowl, the recipe calls for a rum and a brandy, and sometimes bartenders throw in gin and wine. In fact, I’d say that in the modern cocktail era, a Scorpion Bowl is less about a traditional recipe and more about a tropical-style drink served in a bowl.

What that tells me is this: the Scorpion Bowl is a Rum Punch, if it has rum in it.

So, be different this upcoming National Rum Punch Day and mark the holiday with Scorpion Bowls.

Image: Odeani Baker on Pexels

August 25, 2023by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Mai Tai

Drink Donnybrook: Let’s Talk Mai Tai

by David Klemt

Is there a Mai Tai in there? Maybe…?

There are two big drink holidays coming up in August for your programming pleasure, and the best part is that they both play incredibly well with one another.

One of these holidays you can create a promotion around is National Rum Day, August 16. This year, this spirit-forward holiday falls on a Wednesday. Hey, who couldn’t use a rum drink on Hump Day?

The other is more specific, celebrating a particular drink: August 30, also known as Mai Tai Day. Hey, what do you know—this cocktail holiday also falls on a Wednesday in 2023! It’s almost like these two festive days are exactly two weeks apart or something…

As you’re likely already deducing, these days are related: rum is the base for a Mai Tai. So, creating an LTO around this classic tiki drink gives operators the opportunity to celebrate for two weeks straight, or at least for two weekends. That means it’s also an excellent way to bid August farewell and prepare for the fall.

Controversy!

Scandal! Strife! Squabble! Other words that are synonymous with controversy!

Not only has there been a bit of a debate regarding the creator of the Mai Tai, there has been debate about the day we celebrate this classic cocktail.

Oh, and there’s been plenty of debate over specs. And there will likely be bickering over the correct build forever.

But back to the day we celebrate the Mai Tai. If you Google “National Mai Tai Day” or “Mai Tai Day,” you’ll likely see there’s debate over the correct date.

For a while at least, there were people claiming that National Mai Tai Day is June 30. Well, two crucial sources say that’s flat-out wrong: Trader Vic’s and the City of Oakland, California.

Some people may shrug at that first source, given that there’s still some debate over the drink’s inventor. However, in 2009, Rebecca Kaplan, an at-large councilmember of the city of Oakland, declared August 30 to be Mai Tai Day officially.

Fighting Words

Want to make some cocktail history and bartender nerds heads explode? Just say that Donn Beach, also known as “Don the Beachcomber,” is the father of the Mai Tai.

That should all but guarantee a donnybrook with whomever you target with that statement.

However, unlike the Martini, Piña Colada, and Whiskey Sour, we have a (mostly) definitive answer to the question of who created the Mai Tai.

While there are some who say that Don the Beachcomber created the Mai Tai in 1933, it would be more accurate to say that he created the predecessor of the Mai Tai. Cocktail historians who back Trader Vic as the inventor of this classic would agree.

You see, Don the Beachcomber created a drink called the QB Cooler, and historians say, perhaps generously, that Trader Vic was riffing on Don’s drink when he invented the Mai Tai in 1944. Now, if you really want to kick the donnybrook up a notch, perhaps turn it into a slugfest, see who thinks the Mai Tai tastes like the QB Cooler and which think they taste completely different. Fun times.

Then there’s this: It’s possible we don’t know the exact original recipe for the Mai Tai. Famously—or infamously, if we want to be dramatic—it’s said that Trader Vic never shared his actual specs with anyone. One could argue, then, that nobody has ever had the “real” version if they didn’t drink one made for them by Trader Vic himself. He’ll have passed 30 years ago in October of 2024, so I’m not sure how many people in the industry currently can say Trader Vic made them a Mai Tai personally.

Authentic or Abomination?

Did you read the caption underneath the image at the top of this article? If not, wow—thanks.

If so, you’ll recall that I ask if the drink in the tiki mug in the image contains a Mai Tai. And I answer my own question indicating that, at best, I can only say “maybe.”

Sure, it’s being served in a tiki drinkware, so one could argue that there’s a tiki drink in there. The Mai Tai, as we know, is a tiki classic. The drink is also garnished with mint, which is correct.

But then we look at the rest of the garnish: a raspberry and what appears to be desiccated orange. Oh, and a Mai Tai should be served in a double rocks glass.

Of course, bartenders around the world serve cocktails in drinkware that deviates from the “right” vessel. However, the proper garnish is mint and a lime wheel…to the best of our knowledge.

Ultimately, guests decide with their dollars whether they believe a bar makes them the “right” Mai Tai. You and your bar team will need to dial in a signature version if you want your bar to be known for its Mai Tai, and perhaps come up with a great riff or two.

The Original…Maybe

The original recipe, cocktail historians and drink nerds believe, is:

1 oz. Light rum
1 oz. Dark rum
Fresh lime juice (keep half of the squeezed lime’s shell)
0.5 oz. Orange curaçao
0.25 oz. Orgeat
0.25 oz. Simple syrup
1 cup Crushed ice
Fresh mint sprig to garnish
Lime wheel to garnish

Fill a shaker with crushed ice and add the light rum, lime juice, curaçao, simple, and orgeat. In other words, hold back the dark rum! Shake for a few seconds and pour the contents into a double rocks glass. If you want to be fancy, add fresh crushed ice to the double rocks glass and strain the shaker into it. Float the dark rum, then garnish and serve.

Technically, a bartender should use J. Wray & Nephew rum…but a bottle, if one can be found, goes for at least $50,000 last I checked. Bartenders should also refrain from adding pineapple juice, orange juice, or grapefruit juice. And they shouldn’t garnish with cherries or pineapple wedges. But, here we are; all of those things and more happen.

Oh, there are also tequila, mezcal, amaro, and whiskey versions, plus riffs made with avocado and variants that call for an array of bitters. What you do with this information is up to you and your bar team.

Image: Andrea Piacquadio on Pexels