Food prep | KRG Hospitality

Collection of various vintage knives surrounding a cutting board

October 20, 2023by David Klemt David Klemt No Comments

Mastering the Art of Knife Skills

Mastering the Art of Knife Skills: A Culinary Journey

by Nathen Dubé

In the realm of culinary arts, the knife is not merely a kitchen tool; it’s the extension of a chef’s hands, the paintbrush for a culinary masterpiece.

In the hand of a skilled chef, a knife is the instrument that transforms raw ingredients into delectable works of art.

Therefore, knife skills are the backbone of every great chef’s repertoire, and they form the cornerstone of culinary excellence.

In this exploration, we embark on a journey to unravel the significance of knife skills, the techniques that define them, and the artistry they enable in the culinary world.

The Role of Knives in Culinary Excellence

Knives are the most fundamental tools in any kitchen. They are the bridge between raw ingredients and the final dish, and their importance cannot be overstated.

Here are some key aspects of the role knives play in culinary excellence.

Precision and Consistency

Imagine a chef creating uniform, paper-thin slices of cucumber for an elegant salad. The precision required for such delicate work comes from mastering knife skills.

Consistency in slicing, dicing, and chopping ensures even cooking and a visually appealing presentation.

Efficiency

In a bustling restaurant kitchen, time is of the essence. Efficient knife skills enable chefs to prepare ingredients quickly and streamline the cooking process.

The ability to swiftly and skillfully handle a knife can make all the difference in meeting the demands of a busy service.

Safety

Knife safety is paramount in the culinary world.

Proper knife skills not only enhance efficiency but also minimize the risk of accidents. A chef with well-honed knife skills knows how to handle the blade safely, reducing the likelihood of cuts and injuries.

Artistry

Beyond their utilitarian functions, knives are tools of artistic expression in the culinary world.

A chef’s ability to craft intricate cuts and designs with a knife can elevate a dish from ordinary to extraordinary.

From garnishes to decorative vegetable carvings, knife skills allow chefs to showcase their creativity.

Essential Knife Techniques

Knife skills encompass a range of techniques, each serving a specific purpose in the kitchen.

Let’s delve into some of the fundamental knife skills that every chef should master.

1. The Pinch Grip

The pinch grip is the foundation of proper knife handling. It involves gripping the knife handle with three fingers while using the thumb and index finger to pinch the blade near the bolster.

This grip provides control and precision, allowing for accurate cuts.

2. The Rock Chop

The rock chop is a rhythmic cutting motion during which the knife’s blade rocks back and forth on the cutting board. It’s ideal for chopping herbs, garlic, and onions.

Mastering this technique involves maintaining a consistent rocking motion to achieve uniform cuts.

3. The Slice

Slicing is a technique used to create thin, even pieces of ingredients.

The key is to maintain a smooth, forward and backward motion of the knife while keeping the fingers tucked safely away from the blade.

4. The Julienne

Julienne is the art of cutting vegetables or fruits into long, thin strips, resembling matchsticks.

Achieving uniformity in julienne cuts requires precision and practice. This is a technique often used in salads and stir-fries.

5. The Dice

Dicing involves cutting ingredients into small, uniform cubes.

Chefs use this technique for creating perfectly diced onions, tomatoes, and other vegetables. It’s a fundamental skill in many classic recipes.

6. The Chiffonade

Chiffonade is a technique for slicing leafy greens or herbs into thin, ribbon-like strips. This technique is commonly used for garnishing soups, salads, and pasta dishes.

7. The Tourne

The tourne, also known as “turned” vegetables, involves creating seven-sided, oblong shapes from root vegetables like potatoes and carrots.

This technique showcases precision and artistry.

8. The Batonnet

Batonnet cuts involve creating evenly sized, rectangular sticks from ingredients like potatoes and cucumbers.

This technique is often used for making French fries and crudités.

The Journey to Mastery

Becoming proficient in knife skills is a journey that requires dedication, practice, and a commitment to precision.

Below are a number of essential tips for aspiring chefs on their path to mastering this art.

1. Start with the Basics

Begin by mastering the fundamental techniques, such as the pinch grip, slice, and rock chop.

These skills form the building blocks for more advanced cuts.

2. Invest in Quality Knives

A chef is only as good as their tools.

Invest in high-quality knives that are well-balanced and comfortable to handle. Regularly sharpen and maintain them to ensure optimal performance.

3. Practice, Practice, Practice

Knife skills improve with practice.

Set aside time to hone your cutting techniques regularly. Consider using inexpensive ingredients like potatoes and carrots for practice to minimize food wastage.

4. Seek Guidance

Don’t hesitate to seek guidance from experienced chefs or culinary instructors.

Taking a knife skills class or watching instructional videos can provide valuable insights and feedback.

5. Prioritize Safety

Safety should always come first.

Pay close attention to hand placement, keep your fingers tucked away from the blade, and use a cutting board with a non-slip surface.

6. Embrace Creativity

Once you have mastered the basics, allow your creativity to flourish.

Experiment with decorative cuts and intricate garnishes to add flair to your dishes.

Knife Skills in the Professional Kitchen

In professional kitchens, the importance of knife skills is not up for debate. Chefs in high-end restaurants are expected to demonstrate exceptional precision and speed when handling knives.

Here’s how knife skills come into play in the professional culinary world.

Speed and Efficiency

In a busy restaurant kitchen, the ability to prep ingredients quickly and efficiently is essential.

Knife skills enable chefs to meet the demands of a fast-paced environment while maintaining quality.

Consistency

Consistency is crucial in ensuring that every dish leaving the kitchen meets the restaurant’s standards.

Uniform cuts, achieved through precise knife skills, contribute to consistent cooking times and presentation.

Artistry and Presentation

Fine-dining establishments often emphasize presentation as much as taste.

Knife skills allow chefs to create intricate designs and garnishes that enhance the visual appeal of each dish, turning it into a work of art.

Safety in High-stress Environments

Professional kitchens can be high-stress environments.

Chefs with excellent knife skills can handle the pressure more effectively and safely, reducing the risk of accidents.

Knife Skills for Home Cooks

While professional chefs rely on knife skills in their daily work, these skills are equally valuable for home cooks.

Whether you’re preparing a simple family meal or hosting a dinner party, below you’ll find how knife skills can elevate your home cooking.

Save Time and Effort

Efficient knife skills allow you to prep ingredients more quickly, making meal preparation a breeze even on busy weeknights.

Elevate Home Cooking

Mastering knife skills enables you to create restaurant-quality dishes at home.

You can impress your family and guests with beautifully plated meals.

Safety and Confidence

Proper knife skills at home reduce the risk of accidents and boost your confidence in the kitchen.

Experimentation and Creativity

With the right knife skills, you can experiment with different cuts and techniques, adding variety and creativity to your home-cooked meals.

Conclusion

In the world of culinary arts, knives are not just tools; they are extensions of a chef’s creativity and skill.

Knife skills are the foundation of culinary excellence, enabling chefs to transform ingredients into works of art.

Whether you aspire to be a professional chef or simply want to elevate your home cooking, mastering knife skills is a journey worth embarking on. It’s a journey of precision, creativity, and the pursuit of culinary perfection—a path that leads to the heart of the culinary world, where the artistry of knives comes to life.

As you embark on your own culinary journey, remember that every slice, chop, and dice brings you one step closer to mastering the art of knife skills—an art form that transcends the kitchen and allows you to create culinary magic with every cut.

So, sharpen your knives, practice your techniques, and let your culinary creativity flourish. The world of flavors and possibilities awaits at the tip of your blade.

Image: Sergey Kotenev on Unsplash

March 6, 2023by krghospitality krghospitality No Comments

Say Hi to Your Mother Sauces for Me

Say Hi to Your Mother Sauces for Me

by Nathen Dubé

A well-crafted sauce can elevate a dish, tying all the elements together, adding richness, texture, and colour to almost any recipe.

French cuisine in particular is renowned for its liberal use of flavorful sauces. Developed in the 19th century by French chef Auguste Escoffier, the five mother sauces are basic recipes that serve as the foundation for any number of secondary sauce variations. Each mother sauce is categorized primarily according to its unique base and thickener.

The five French mother sauces are: béchamel, velouté, espagnole, hollandaise, and tomato. Historically, Chef Escoffier originally designated only four mother sauces, and mayonnaise as a cold mother sauce, with Hollandaise below that.

Interestingly, when his book was translated to English, mayonnaise was forgotten or omitted; Hollandaise was listed as the fifth mother sauce.

Beginning culinary students and experienced cooks alike commit these five sauces to memory. They learn that by tweaking their basic formulas, all manner of great sauces can be crafted.

Please meet the five mother sauces below. I explain: how each is made; their basic uses; and some secondary sauces you can make from them.

1. Béchamel

Béchamel, or white sauce, is a simple milk-based sauce made from butter, flour, and milk.

You know béchamel as the white sauce that gives chicken pot pie its texture, or as the vehicle of cheesy goodness and binding agent in delicious mac ‘n’ cheese creations. The sauce can be found in everything from scalloped potatoes and lasagne to gravy iterations.

In classical cuisine, béchamel was poured over fish, eggs, or steamed chicken. While béchamel has a generally neutral taste on its own, the classic mother sauce adds a unique creamy texture that is both hearty and comforting.

My personal favorite base recipe is Joel Robuchon’s equation of one liter of milk, 60 grams of butter, and 60 grams of flour. It works perfectly every time.

To make béchamel, start by cooking butter and flour in a saucepan until it forms a substance called a roux. The roux is responsible for thickening the sauce. To remove the floury taste, cook the roux over medium heat for a few minutes.

When the roux is ready, slowly whisk in warm milk and simmer until it forms a creamy sauce. Strain the liquid after it thickens to get rid of any sediment, then add salt and pepper. (You can add other ingredients as well, such as bay leaves, nutmeg, onion, clove, or even cheese.)

With the addition of a few extra seasonings like salt, pepper, and cloves, béchamel is complete — though it may be used as a base for many other sauces.

Béchamel sauces include:

Mornay: onion, cloves, Gruyère, and Parmesan cheese
Alfredo: garlic with heavy cream
Soubise: butter and caramelized onions
Cheddar sauce (used for mac ‘n’ cheese or nacho-style sauces): whole milk and cheddar cheese

2. Velouté

Velouté means “velvet” in French, and that is the texture you get with this original sauce.

A velouté is a simple sauce made from butter, flour, and clear stock. Chicken, turkey, and fish stock are most commonly used, but these days, although it’s not traditional, you can also find vegetarian velouté using vegetable stock.

This mother sauce is similar to béchamel in that it’s a white sauce thickened with roux. However, it uses stock for the base in place of milk. As a reminder, stock is a savory, flavorful cooking liquid created by simmering bones, herbs, and aromatic vegetables for several hours. Chicken stock is most common, but you can also use other white stocks, such as those made from veal or fish.

To make velouté, start by making a white roux with butter and flour. Next, slowly stir in warm stock and let it simmer until a creamy, light sauce forms.

When finished, velouté has a delicate, light flavor and a smooth texture. The sauce is usually served over poached or steamed fish or chicken; the light flavors of the sauce compliment the light, delicate meat. By adding wine, lemon, or other flavorings such as herbs, cooks can adjust the flavour of this mother sauce.

Some popular sauces derived from velouté include:

Supreme: chicken velouté with heavy cream and mushrooms
Venetian: chicken or fish velouté with tarragon, shallots, and parsley
Hungarian: chicken or veal velouté with onion, paprika, and white wine

3. Espagnole

Espagnole, otherwise known as brown sauce, is a rich, dark sauce made from roux-thickened stock, puréed tomatoes, and mirepoix (carrots, onions, and celery that’s used as a base). Brown stock, which is made from beef or veal bones that have been roasted and simmered, gives espagnole a particularly rich, complex flavor.

This dark brown sauce—one of the original mother sauces—and its derivative sauces tend to be heavy and thick. They lend a signature richness to such dishes as bœuf bourguignon, lamb, duck, and veal.

Like velouté, espagnole uses roux and stock as the main ingredients. However, instead of white roux and stock, it calls for brown stock and brown roux. In this case, the flour paste (butter, flour) is cooked until the flour browns.

It’s important that cooks stir the roux while it browns so the paste does not stick and burn or scorch. You can imagine how this would ruin the finished product, of course. When the roux has finished cooking, browned mirepoix, pureed tomato, and beef or veal stock are added.

Espagnole is the base for:

Demi-glace: additional beef or veal stock, herbs, and spices that’s reduced to a thick, gravy-like consistency
Sauce Robert (or Robert Sauce): espagnole with lemon juice, dry mustard, white wine, and onions.
Mushroom sauce: mushrooms, shallots, sherry, and lemon juice
Burgundy sauce: espagnole with red wine and shallots

4. Sauce Tomate

Sauce tomate, also known as sauce tomat, or tomato sauce, bears slight resemblance to the Italian-style tomato sauce served with pasta.

Tomato sauce is arguably the most popular of the French mother sauces. It is often served on top of pastas (gnocchi, in particular) or polenta, or with grilled meats or vegetables.

Trigger warning for Italians: The original mother sauce tomate was thickened with a roux, but thankfully this is no longer the case.

The classical French tomato sauce can be (but usually is not) thickened with roux and seasoned with pork, herbs, and aromatic vegetables. However, most modern tomato sauces consist primarily of puréed tomatoes seasoned with herbs and reduced into a rich, flavorful sauce.

Marie-Antoine Carême classified sauce tomate as a mother sauce in the early 20th century. They are remarkably versatile and can be served with stewed or roasted meats, fish, vegetables, eggs, and of course, pasta dishes. You’ll even find it used as pizza sauce.

The best tomato sauces are made with fresh, vine-ripened tomatoes. If you can make big batches when they’re in peak season, you’ll be able to enjoy flavorful sauce year-round.

Probably the most well-known sauces, you can make the following with sauce tomate:

Marinara: tomato sauce with garlic, onions, and herbs)
Sauce Portugaise or Portuguese sauce: tomato sauce with garlic, onions, sugar, salt, parsley, and peeled tomatoes
Creole sauce: tomato sauce with white wine, garlic, onion, cayenne pepper, and red bell peppers

5. Hollandaise

Like sauce tomate, this sauce was a later addition to Carême’s list. Brunch-goers will recognize hollandaise from Eggs Benedict variations. People will also know it from topping steamed asparagus or smothering a steak or lobster tail.

Both the original recipe and its derivative sauces are commonly served over eggs, vegetables, fish, or chicken. It’s worth mentioning that hollandaise is derived from mayonnaise and hasn’t always been classified as a mother sauce.

Hollandaise stands out from the other French mother sauces because it relies on the emulsification—or mixing—of egg yolks and butter in place of roux. The tangy, creamy sauce is made from butter, raw egg yolks, lemon juice, and optional flavorings like cayenne pepper or white wine vinegar.

Rookies often struggle with Hollandaise, and jokes will be made that the ingredients can sense fear and intimidation. The tendency for butter and egg yolks to resist combining—much like water and oil—coupled with the gentle heat of a bain-maire (steam bath) can cause the sauce to split or a pile of scrambled eggs to appear.

The key to making a proper hollandaise is slightly warm egg yolks, room temperature butter, and steady, constant whisking. It’s essential to add the butter to the yolks slowly and incrementally so that the ingredients remain stable and don’t separate.

Hollandaise and its derivative sauces are often served over eggs, vegetables, or lighter meats like poultry and fish. Speaking of derivatives, even though hollandaise is delicious on its own:

Béarnaise (beef’s perfect match): hollandaise with white wine, tarragon, and peppercorn
Choron: hollandaise with tarragon and tomato
Sauce Maltaise: hollandaise with blood orange juice
Sauce Mousseline: hollandaise with whipped heavy cream

There you have it—the five mother sauces. Master these and an entire world of sauce and dip creation opens up to you.

Image: Vitor Monthay on Unsplash